Insight Into Human Behavior And The Canterbury Tales

Insight into Human Behavior in the Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer is known for being one of the greatest English poets of his time (Malvern). During Chaucer’s life, he went through many hardships. Some of the hardship Chaucer endured was being kidnapped by French enemies, dealing with the death of his wife, and surviving the Black Death (â€Å"Chaucer†). Chaucer hardship helped him become the author that he was (Malvern). â€Å"The Canterbury Tales is a group of legends narrated by fictional pilgrims on a pilgrimage† (â€Å"Chaucer†). Chaucer’s uses the characters in his tales to demonstrate his dislike of certain human behaviors in society especially in members of the Catholic Church. In his Tales the characters reflect different opinions of the†¦show more content†¦The Pardoner in this story is the most controversial of all the pilgrims for four reasons (Morgan 242). Those four reasons are his work, his greed, his pride, and his sexua lity (Morgan). He does not care for helping people to correct their sins or their souls he just cares about taking their money (Krugar). Being money hungry and taking advantage of the poor is not a trait most commonly used to describe a religious leader of a church. However, the Pardoner appears not to be concerned with what is best of the people he is more concerned about cheating the needy from support. The Pardoner cares about his self over anyone else. He would rather take the last penny from a widow and her starving family then give up his money (Besserman 244). The Pardoners only wish is to fill his â€Å"ever deepening pockets† (Besserman). When the Pardoner would grant repentance for people’s sin. The people had to pay him for the help he provided. The money the people gave him is supposed to be a charitable donation to the church but he would keep the money he made for himself (Morgan 249). The Pardoner would even make an exact replica of the Popes signature j ust so he could pocket the money (Morgan 242). This shows the readers that the Pardoner does his work in greed rather than doing charitable work. When the Pardoner preaches he preaches on Coveting. This is controversial because he commits the sins that he preaches about to his people (Morgan 243). He never changes hisShow MoreRelatedThe Inconsistancies of Life in In The Canterbury Tales and The Knights Tale, by Geoffrey Chaucer1707 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Canterbury Tales, composed by Geoffrey Chaucer, the fundamental topic of the tales is the inconsistency of human life — satisfaction and suffering are never far separated from one another, and no one is truly safe from experiencing a tragedy. When an individuals fortunes are up, other individuals are down. This issue is expressed by the pattern of the narrative, in which depictions of favorable luck are immediately followed by disasters, and characters are subject to memorable inversionsRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer963 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer is a collection of 24 stories written during the Middle Ages. The tales were written with the intent of criticizing the functions of societal standards as well as the beliefs of the Church. â€Å"The Miller’s Tale,† one the most popular stories, offers unique insights into the customs and practices of the English middle class during the Middle Ages. The story follows the lives of John, Absolon, and Nicholas, three men who are involved with a beautiful woman namedRead MoreWomen During The Medieval Times1932 Words   |  8 PagesJackman Larson English 12 2nd period 11/16/15 Women in Canterbury Tales During the Medieval time period that Canterbury Tales was written in, there was a general depiction of women that they weren’t even looked at as humans, but looked at as objects. Women were thought of as weak, untrustworthy, and even less intelligent beings than men. Chaucer did not necessarily agree with the general consensus of women during the time period. Now there are tales that go along with the general impression of womenRead MoreAn Analysis Of Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales 2650 Words   |  11 PagesAn Analysis of Chaucer’s Miller in The Canterbury Tales In the prologue to The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer introduces the Miller as a crude, rude, loud character who cheats his customers. The tale, which the Miller later narrates, is appropriate because the Miller’s tale clearly reflects this individual’s unrefined personality by telling a typical, filthy tavern story. The Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer, is a story that details thirty pilgrims, including Chaucer, traveling onRead MoreAnalysis Of The Canterbury Tales1806 Words   |  8 PagesThe Canterbury Tales is a collection of twenty-four stories regarding numerous pilgrims and their pilgrimage to Canterbury written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer. The subjects of these tales range from knights to the clergy to government officials. The various tales in the Work are presented in the manner of a contest at the Tabard Inn in London, in which the prize for the best story is a free meal upon their return. Chaucer’s first impressions of the M iller as a rude and sinful man continueRead MoreWomen Strive for Education and Equal Rights1157 Words   |  5 PagesThe Quran states: That man can have nothing but what he strives for (QS. 53:39). The word ‘man’ used in this verse not only covers the patriarchal nature, but the androgynous nature of humans as a whole. Women were once considered property of men; even if not as property then only as pinch-hit for male labour. The highest rank given to a woman was of one who bore male labours and fed them. No voting rights, no right to run for office, or the right to own property of their own. Male members ofRead More The Rich Diversity of Meanings of the Pardoners Tale Essay5609 Words   |  23 PagesThe Rich Diversity of Meanings of the Pardoners Tale Chaucer’s innovation in the Pardoner’s performance tests our concept of dramatic irony by suggesting information regarding the Pardoner’s sexuality, gender identity, and spirituality, major categories in the politics of identity, without confirming that information. Our presumed understanding of the Pardoner as a character lacks substantiation. As we learn about the Pardoner through the narrator’s eyes and ears, we look to fit the nobleRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath s Prologue And Tale2067 Words   |  9 PagesThe representation of gender in â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Prologue† and â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale† by Geoffrey Chaucer functions as a way to both satirize and represent female equality. In particular, The Wife of Bath challenges the stereotypes of what may appear to be â€Å"normal† treatment of women during this time period (TheBestNotes.com). She identifies the distinctions between â€Å"traditional† gender roles and relates them to passages from the bible, which are then taken out of context. These passages areRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pages13. blank verse: poetry written in meter but containing no ending rhyme. Lines of verse contain forms closest to that of natural speaking, yet are flexible and adaptive. 14. characterization principles: characters should be 1) consistent in their behaviors, 2)their words and actions should spring from motivations the reader can understand, and 3) plausible and lifelike 15. cinquain: a five line stanza 16. conceit: in literature, fanciful or unusual image in which apparently dissimilar things are shownRead MoreMy Own Creative Process And Transformative Experiences During The Stages Of Work Essay2156 Words   |  9 Pagesabout the possibility of creating sculptures that intertwine art with psychology in a way that would visually express the effects of how much power the mind can have over the body. I have always been interested in observing and understanding human behaviors. I gravitate towards literature and films that focus on that subject matter, so a fair amount of what I would consider informal research took place long before this course started. When I first read the syllabus about the project and without knowing

Does the Media Shape Who We Are - 2522 Words

Introduction The Mass Media is an important feature of modern society; its development has undoubtedly been a core factor to rapid social and technological change and also to the rise in personal income and standard of life as well as the decline of some social traditions. Mass media can be defined as venues for messages that are created for consumption by large numbers of people. It is a term used to denote a section of the media specifically envisioned and designed to reach a very large audience such as the population of a nation state. The degree to which the mass media has influenced society today has been (and still is) debated upon for decades. It can be argued that the mass media is used as â€Å"an instrument†, both more powerful and†¦show more content†¦The school proposed the hypodermic model of effects. This envisaged the media as a hypodermic syringe that injected the audience with its contents like a drug making them acceptable to the attitudes, opinions and beliefs expressed by the medium about the decisions that they make. ‘The image of mass communication process entertained by researchers had been, firstly, one of â€Å"an atomistic mass† of millions of readers, listeners and movie goers, prepared to receive the message; and secondly†¦every message [was conceived of] as a direct and powerful stimulus to action which would elicit immediate response.’- Katz and Lazarsfeld (1955) The Inoculation Model Another theory similar to the last is the Inoculation model, a long term model that is based upon the idea that if we are continuously exposed to certain images, we then become immune to them. This was an argument used in the Jamie Bulger case in which two teenage boys were said to have been obsessed with and therefore influenced by the film Child’s Play 3 and thus drove them to carry out a horrific crime on the toddler. Television violence has been a hot topic in recent years especially the effects it has on young people. As a result there are censorship guidelines notably in the aim not to influence the minds of the young. For example, in America certain sketches of the animated comedy The Simpsons are censored. It is not evenhanded to sayShow MoreRelatedThe Media s Influence On Society1560 Words   |  7 Pagesjust the way you are. How many times have we heard this, yet we live in a society that appears to contradict this very idea. If looks don’t matter then why do women and girls live in a society where their bodies define who they are? If looks don t matter then why is airbrushing used by the media to hide any flaws a person has? What exactly is causing this, why do we feel like we are just not beautiful the way we are? Its the media. It’s because the media promotes a certain body image as being beautifulRead MoreThe Influence of Mass Media on the Young Male Image Essay1645 Wor ds   |  7 Pages Mass media creates a stereotype promoting an image of how a young man should act, appear, or resemble in todays society. The media has a great influence over what we view and hear as a society and it can have an effect especially on a younger men and the image that they want to portray. Moreover, the media has a lot to do with the image we perceived in our minds and young men are easily perusable by what they see or hear. With the media flooding negative influence, it builds up to having thisRead MoreWhat Does Manufacturing Consent Mean?924 Words   |  4 Pages1) What does manufacturing consent mean? †¢ Noam Chomsky separates his surroundings in 2 groups. They are people that make decisions and have control over the politics, the culture and education of society. The 20% include big news corporations, for example he discusses The New York times quite a few time throughout the film. The remaining 80% are the followers. That is what most of the world is. These are people that either do not know, or do not care about the truth. Actually, the 80% has an importantRead MoreHow Social Forces Allowed The Spread Of Flash Mob1078 Words   |  5 PagesMemes have taken over our society. They have invaded everything that we know from food, music, movies, and TV shows. A meme is recognized as an idea, behavior, and a style that spread through individuals’ within a culture. Memes come in a variety of forms such as TV and movie references that are expressed in an image, jokes, minor everyday consequences or piece of text. The word meme was coined by Richard Dawkins in his book The S elfish Gene in 1976. Now with the internet memes spreads quickly throughoutRead MoreThe Role Of Power In International Communication1391 Words   |  6 Pagescommunication shapes the connection between media and power. At the same time, it shapes our perception by affecting the way we see cultural and economic power along with how we obtain our knowledge. International communication shows that the media is interrelated with power and influence. It has a major role in defining, maintaining, and transforming the structure of power distribution in the society. Considering how a significant part of power and influence belongs to the government, the media clearlyRead MoreBody Image in Women in the 21st century1678 Words   |  7 PagesBody Image is one the topics that we talked about for ages. Girls and women have the biggest effect because they seem to be target no matter what and being analyze. We live in a world where no women can be happy with the way they look and show their natural beauty without changing themselves. Everyone has an opinion about the perfect body would be, but they would take away from a person individuality. In a modern popular culture, the media, society, race, sexuality and culture perpetuate image normsRead MoreBeauty And Beauty Essay803 Words   |  4 PagesDassinger English 102 October 3, 2017 Media has an influence on beauty standards throughout the world. Not to mention, it affects women and men everywhere. TV and ads like magazines are major ways of spreading ideas of being physically fit, having natural straight long hair, and more. But there are some campaigns that are encouraging natural beauty, body peace, and high self-esteem. Society has fueled the media and holds responsibility for letting the media create a lack of confidence and desireRead MoreThe Media Has Become The World’S Main Source Of Information1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe media has become the world’s main source of information that construct the value and definition of people in society. It also, facilitates our understanding of our culture. The media is the motherboard of social information shapes our understanding of race and ethnicity as part of our identity, our history, our social institutions, and our everyday lives. The media educates society on who does what as well as creating certain roles for ethno- racial groups. The roles of the groups are definedRead MoreThe Factors Of Political Socialization1448 Words   |  6 Pages#2 Similar to many of the things we are introduced to growing up as humans, our political knowledge is one of the things that does not derive from one specific source. Our thoughts on politics is constantly evolving and maturing as we encounter different agents throughout our lives. These agents of political socialization include our family, our education, the media, and many more. They shape our values and beliefs from the moment we are born to the moment we die. Our family environment contributesRead MoreThe World of Mass Media1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe world of Mass Media is a complicated place as told by former TV and Radio reporter, Al Meyers. â€Å"You never know what you’re going to be doing, but then there’s the ability to be able to do it and to share that with the people who are listening.† Meyers, who is retired, gave me the pleasure of sitting down and talking to me about the world of Mass Media Communication, then and now. Most of what we hear about in the world today comes to us as it is broadcasted through the television news networking

Issues in Political and Economic Environment MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Conceptual Issues in Political and Economic Environment. Answer: Introduction: The fundamental research theme is to assess the parts, applications and significance of positive accounting theory with regards to research program to make causal clarifications of human conduct in the setting of bookkeeping. In the review, the primary contentions introduced by the authors propose that, today, it is more huge and fundamental for every one of the organizations to adequately and suitably utilize the applications and ideas of PAT (positive accounting theory) to upgrade authoritative execution and efficiency as well as increase upper hands and contend in the dynamic business condition. PAT is likewise considered by the organizations as creative devices to bring development at the working environment. PAT has more extensive degree that gives an unmistakable and vital course in understanding the human conduct in setting of bookkeeping tenets, principals, standard and approaches. In addition, this theory is likewise gives approaches to organizations about how to achieve cor porate objectives by augmenting association's efficiency and gainfulness. Besides, the principle reason for the review is to get to the parts and utilizations of positive way to deal with accounting theory. In addition, the point of the review is to break down and assess the ideas of positive accounting research as a noteworthy piece of more extensive scholarly venture of logical research which intend to perceive the circumstances and end results connections. At long last, this examination study is arranged in various key parts including, presentation, and outline of article, research inquiries, essentialness and impediment of article and conclusion. Article Summary/Overview: The positive accounting has more extensive degree utilized as a part of research projects to comprehend the human conduct in the setting of bookkeeping. The examination article compress that, today a large portion of organizations are utilizing the applications and principals of positive accounting hypothesis in their associations to foresee real bookkeeping hones (Wolk, 2008). This helps them in accomplishing monetary and money related targets adequately. Additionally, it can likewise be outlined that, through the viable usage of positive accounting, business firms can assess and comprehend the occasions inside their accounting exchanges (Godfrey, Hodgson, Tarca, Hamilton, Holmes, 2010). The review is likewise compresses the hugeness of positive accounting in enormous feeling of research projects. For case, by utilizing positive hypothesis, human conduct can be adequately comprehends in setting of accounting. The positive accounting exploration is a branch of positive accounting th at utilized as a part of scholarly venture of logical research by the organizations with a specific end goal to create understanding about the cause and impact relations (Wilson, 2015). Besides, it can likewise be abridge that, in utilizing of positive accounting research; an extensive variety of inadequacies could be confronted by the organization. Be that as it may, it is additionally offer a ton of advantages to the client organization. For case, when an organization embrace more extensive scholarly venture, it might confront a few issues with respect to venture's ontological and epistemological presumptions (Dunmore, 2009). The examination article unmistakably expressed that, the real reason for the positive accounting can be distinctive and startling, on the off chance that it is not done well and set up. It shows the connection and relationship among the positive bookkeeping and positive bookkeeping research. Consequently, it is imperative to utilize positive accounting proper ly, and successfully with a specific end goal to direct the positive bookkeeping examination to get coveted results (Smith, 2014). Also, the positive accounting exploration ought to be utilized by the business firms as a worldview with a specific end goal to comprehend bookkeeping, inspecting, business and accounting related issues at the pre-decided day and age. For instance, positive accounting research as worldview would permit the bookkeepers and budgetary chiefs of the organization to defeat different issues (Dennis, 2015). There are a various hypothetical and viable/numerical techniques are utilized by the researcher in the review so as to comprehend the estimation of positive bookkeeping hypothesis and research in the business. For example, both positive accounting examination and hypothesis are essential apparatus for the today's organizations. It is on the grounds that these enable the organizations and firms to get to genuine and genuine suppositions about this present reality occasions (Mckibbin, 2005). Besides, accounting has distinctive wonder that are resourced by the procedure of adjusted self-enthusiasm between the general populations those facilitate through the express/inferred assertion in the different organizations. Besides, the accounting exploration is described with the distinctive areas of positive research that couldn't be delineated obviously on the hypothetical model (Henderson, Peirson, Herbohn, Howieson, 2015). The positive research is a great deal more important, valuable, and huge by contrasting it with positive hypothesis of bookkeeping because of positive bookkeeping research enables an organization to direct unique research projects to enhance the benefit, profitability, and work execution in a successful and legitimate way. Besides, an extensive variety of contrasts and similitude can be found among the positive research and positive accounting (Dunmore, 2009). It is likewise gotten to that, positive accounting research considers different supposition in comprehension of human conduct in bookkeeping setting. Positive accounting research manages different research wordings including epistemology and metaphysics had clarified by the writer with a specific end goal to achieve the substantial conclusion or results (Jones, 2015). Ultimately, it is outlined that, for the reason to adequately and legitimately direct the review, different hypothetical models are utilized. Additionally, different phrasings are examined as to the positive bookkeeping examinat ion and hypothesis, for example, necessity of good estimation and information chronicles (Dennis, 2015). Addressing of Research Question: In the context of this research study, to effectively attain the key objectives and aims of the study, the following key research questions are addressed. What are the major implications and applications of positive accounting theory and how this theory is related to the accounting research? (Neelan, 2007). What are the fundamental advantages of using positive accounting research and what types of deficiencies are faced by business firms in using positive accounting theory? What is the relation of PAT with the accounting research program? How to perform research programs in accounting and its roles and key purposes? How the intellectual project of scientific research is linked with the positive accounting research? (Mintz, 2013). What are the key areas of positive accounting research accounting research? Hence, all these research questions will be addressed in order to attain the key goals and objectives of the study effectively. Theoretical Framework Used In Research Article: Essentially, this exploration study is portrayed with the suitable and powerful theoretical framework related with the bookkeeping, evaluating, and back that could be utilized as a part of the genuine business to enhance general profitability and accomplish long haul money related targets. The review is likewise gives hypothetical data about the positive accounting theory and research that can be effectively comprehended by the peruser to lead additionally examine (Rao, 2006). Besides, the examination utilizes different hypothetical application and ideas as to bookkeeping, accounting, inspecting, bookkeeping hypotheses and so forth. The review is additionally offer more extensive degree for the further research and recommends how the positive bookkeeping hypothesis is connected with the positive research in bookkeeping and how to get to human conduct in setting of bookkeeping. The review is not just valuable and essential for the perusers, organizations and understudies in understand ing the hypothetical ideas of bookkeeping additionally understanding the more extensive territory of positive bookkeeping research in business (Ronen Yaari, 2008). In the meantime, the accounting ideas with respect to epistemology, metaphysics, positive accounting research, positive bookkeeping hypothesis, scholarly venture of logical research, bookkeeping research programs, inadequacies and advantages of positive bookkeeping hypothesis and research has been clarified and characterized by the exploration to satisfy the points, goals and motivation behind the review (Godfrey, Hodgson, Tarca, Hamilton, Holmes, 2010). Significance and Limitations: The primary centrality of study is that, both numerical and hypothetical strategies are utilized by the researcher with a specific end goal to build up a reasonable comprehension about the positive bookkeeping hypothesis and research. The specialist had characterized and clarified every last foremost, ideas of positive bookkeeping exploration and hypothesis. Similarly, this review is gives profundity data about the exploration subject (Godfrey, Hodgson, Tarca, Hamilton, Holmes, 2010). Besides, the review is directed adequately by the specialist by utilizing different technique for bookkeeping. Conversely, the key impediment of the review is that, the analyst had utilized more confused numerical models to speak to the review and achieve the exploration objectives. Thus, the strategies utilized by the analyst are more unpredictable and confounding to get it (Henderson, Peirson, Herbohn, Howieson, 2015). Additionally, the scientist had not legitimately centered on achieving the key ob jectives of the review; he/she had concentrated just on depicting the examination theme. Also, the review obviously shows need utilization of essential information accumulation strategy. For example, in the review essential strategy is disregarded by utilizing auxiliary wellspring of data. The review is additionally mirrors that there are no exploration inquiries, goals, and points distinguished. Henceforth, there is no connection among the examination targets and research subject (Ashton, 2013). In the same way, this research study is not only have limitations but also characterized with the various features. Conclusion: It is reasoned that, positive accounting examination is a noteworthy region of positive bookkeeping hypothesis that has more extensive degree and utilized as a part of scholarly venture by the business firms to achieve their money related and monetary goals. Positive bookkeeping research program gives particular and inventive business chances to the organizations to get to their genuine and real accounting exchanges viably. At long last, it can be inferred that, organizations ought to concentrate on positive bookkeeping exploration, projects and hypotheses with a specific end goal to accomplish their key targets successfully. Moreover, it can be said that, positive accounting theory is provides various opportunities to the business firms in order to overcome and deal with the several accounting and auditing related issues. For case, it improves productivity and brings innovation within the various functions and tasks related to the accounting. Moreover, accounting research can also b e conducted to understand the real events within the accounting transactions and policies. Overall, it can be concluded that, business firms must focus on using the applications of positive accounting theory and research to perform a wide range of accounting and financial functions at the workplace. References: Ashton, R.H. (2013). The Evolution of Behavioral Accounting Research (RLE Accounting): An Overview. UK: Routledge. Dennis, I. (2015). Auditing Theory. UK: Routledge. Dunmore, P.V. (2009). Retrieved From: https://sydney.edu.au/business/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/59988/Paul_Dunmore_MEAFA_2010.pdf Godfrey, J., Hodgson, A., Tarca, A., Hamilton, J., Holmes, S. (2010). Accounting Theory. USA: Wiley. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. Howieson, B. (2015). Issues in Financial Accounting. USA: Pearson Higher Education AU. Jones, S. (2015). The Routledge Companion to Financial Accounting Theory. USA: Routledge. Mckibbin, W. (2005). Isoquantal Capital Modulation: A Harmonic Modeling Approach to Understanding and Managing the Investment Decision. USA: Universal-Publishers. Mintz, S. (2013). Accounting for the Public Interest: Perspectives on Accountability, Professionalism and Role in Society. USA: Springer Science Business Media, 2013 Neelan, M.H. (2007). Focus on Finance and Accounting Research. USA: Nova Publishers. Rao, P.M. (2006). Accounting Theory and Standards. USA: Deep and Deep Publications. Ronen, J., Yaari, V. (2008). Earnings Management: Emerging Insights in Theory, Practice, and Research. USA: Springer Science Business Media. Smith, M. (2014). Research Methods in Accounting. USA: SAGE. Wilson, R.M.S. (2015). Accounting Education Research: Prize-winning Contributions. UK: Routledge. Wolk, H.I. (2008). Accounting Theory: Conceptual Issues in a Political and Economic Environment. USA: SAGE.

Probuild Construction †Implementation of HRM Strategies

Questions: Case Study: The Probuild Constructions Story Prebuild Constructions was established in 1987. The company has been involved in such major projects as the new Grandstand at Flemington Racecourse, the Victoria Gardens Shopping Centre and Toyotas corporate headquarters in Port Melbourne. In May 2005, Probuild successfully applied for a Victorian Government Better Work and Family Balance grant. The company wanted to investigate work-family balance at Probuild and develop a program that would work for the employees and the company. A working group made up of staff, union and management representatives was established to oversee a survey of all staff and the development of initiatives as part of a work-family balance program. The survey, distributed to all 150 employees in Victoria, was designed to: Gather information about the work, family and life pressures currently impacting on them and their families. Assess initiatives already in place to assist staff to manage these pressures. Iden tify new initiatives that would have the greatest impact on staff satisfaction. To gain a picture about the impact working at Probuild was having on families, a separate survey was also prepared and circulated to the partners/ wives/ husbands of all employees. The response to the surveys was very good, with a 57 per cent return rate from employees and 70 per cent return rate from their partners/ wives/ husbands. Overall, employees reported that they were happy working for Probuild but that the constant pressure and long hours made it very difficult to successfully combine work and family. Several responded that the long hours- particularly working Saturdays- were having an adverse impact on their personal relationships. And the response from employees partners/ wives/ husbands was even stronger. They reported that the long hours and workload meant that they had to take almost full responsibility for day-to-day household management and family care, even though many were engaged in pa id work. Probuild decided that the response from partners required further discussion so invitations to take part in a focus group were sent home via payslips. Sixteen partners/ wives/ husbands took part in the focus group. This led to recognition that the companys work-family balance strategy needed to include: Flexibility for different employees and their families to make choices that suited them best, with acknowledgement of the differing needs of salary and hourly rate. Reassurance that taking up work-family balances options would not undermine anyones employment or position with Probuild. A commitment to reducing the number of Saturdays employees are required to work. Working from all the information gathered by the survey and the focus groups, the working group met regularly to move the Probuild project to its next steps. A work-family policy was developed based on these five guiding principles: All initiatives must be of mutual benefit to the individual and company. Achi eving better work and life balance is a team effort involving individuals and managers. There is not one solution that will meet everyones needs. Hard work can be done flexibly. Good communications are fundamental to success. All employees and their partners/ wives/ husbands were invited to attend a major launch where they received an information pack outlining how the company intended to develop a better work and family culture. The pack contained a booklet to provide practical information for staff and their partners so they could assess their own needs and then set and achieve goals to bring about better work-life balance. Following a launch, specific action plans were developed to address key issues. An intensive training, development and coaching program was instigated for managers and performance review processes were changed to ensure that every employees work and family needs are documented. Probuild Constructions was an Award Winner at the 2009-10 National Work-Life Bala nce Awards, in recognition of its outstanding achievements in providing innovative work-life balance solutions in the construction sector. Probuild was also awarded the overall National Award Winner of the 2009-2010 National Work-Life Balance Awards, acknowledging its outstanding achievements in providing innovative work-life balance solutions in the construction industry. For Director of Probuild, Ted Yencken, the new work-family balance program is a key element in Probuilds ability to retain and attract employees. Ted suggested that the development of our work/life balance policy, principles and programs are the fundamental steps to creating a workplace culture which will be more supportive of work and life balance and which will deliver better outcomes for business. (Extract taken from the Probuild Constructions case study, Better work and family balance- moving to a more family friendly construction industry, irv.vic.gov.au) Task: Based on the above case study, write an essay th at answers all the questions: 1. Why do employees value opportunities for workplace flexibility? Would this strategy work in all organisations and industries? You should critically analyse your answer in terms of work-life balance theories. 2. Is it possible for companies to be competitive and at the same time create a workplace that provides for flexibility and work-family balance? You may relate your answer to the flexible work arrangement theories, business competitiveness theories. 3. What other flexibility and work-family balance strategies could Probuild have adopted? What do you believe the productivity outcomes and benefits of such a program would be to Probuild? You may develop your arguments in terms of work life balance/ contextual, culture and job restructuring at the workplace, impact of work-life balance on employee wellbeing, performance, satisfaction, employee retention strategies etc. Answers: Introduction The study is all about the Probuild Construction organization different strategies which they adopted regarding their employees and organizational benefits. There is an description about different opportunities provided by Probuild to their employees regarding their work life balance and performance. The report is having discussion after analyzing the present scenario of Probuild construction and different strategies adopted by the organization. Probuild construction Pvt. Ltd is one of the best national level contractor based company whose main operation area is Australia. The report is based on the analysis and evaluation of the operations which are performed by Probuild Construction Company as per their client. Probuild is a contract based company i.e. they perform construction operation as per their customers (Parboteeah and Cullen, 2011). The report is having brief discussion about the strategies adopted by Probuild construction company for making working environment flexible for the employees and other strategies which company adopted for making their stand in competitive environment. There is also a discussion about the outcome and benefits which will be achieved by Probuild after they have adopted work life balance and business environment strategies. After analyzing and evaluating all the case studies as mentioned in case study some recommendations are given in this report. 1. Value of flexible opportunities for employees in workplace As mentioned in case study flexibility in workplace helped Probuild organization to build strong bonding among the employee and organization. Flexibility in workplace provides high commitment of employees toward their job as well as organization. Flexible work in Probuild includes part time work hours, work from home, sharing of job, flexibility in start and end time and other facilities which motivated Probuild employees (prezi.com, 2015). Probuild construction follow work life balance theory which helped organization in motivating their employees maintaining proper balance between their work life and personal life. As commented by (Ahlvik and Bjrkman) to live a proper life family friend, work all are necessary and employer should always help their employee make a proper balance in all 3 of this. If employees are given proper instruction in starting that how to maintain work life with personnel life, they will be motivated to perform better. As mentioned in case study Probuild const ruction received National work life balance award in 2009 which shows that the organization follow proper strategies for making their employees balance their work life with their personal life. As Probuild is a construction based company so to get better performance outcome, management of Probuild should always focus on their employees health. Flexible opportunities provided by Probuild construction to their employees are as employees were given opportunity of choosing their work starting time in a ethical manner (Ricardo de Souza Freitas, Jos Chiappetta Jabbour and Csar Almada Santos, 2011). If suppose any employees got any injury or health problem he/she would be provided with primary health care and then further care as per needed. As mentioned Probuild took a survey with their employees and their families for analyzing the scenario or problem which they all are facing regarding work life and professional life balance. As discussed in case study Probuild construction is famous fo r their work life balance strategy adoption and its positive outcome which increased companys profit and productivity suddenly. Probuild construction to maintain work life balance focus on the proper and open communication strategy among employees and employer, feedback survey in relation to work from employees family members. Probuild constructions always try to create a positive and best suited environment for their employees which help Probuild to motivate their employees to maintain work life and personal life balance (Rowley and Warner, 2013). As mentioned in case study Probuild avoids giving work load to their employees as they always try to choice job sharing option. Job sharing strategy is adopted by Probuild construction to distribute job equally among the employees as per their skills and knowledge regarding the job. Work life balance theory help every organization in motivating their employees work better as it provide different opportunities in workplace regarding working time, place and work style but in a ethical manner. Every organization will get benefit of work life balance strategy as it will help organization as well as their employees. Different methods which are commonly used by every organization to help their employees in maintaining work life and personal life balance are as sharing of job, flexibility in starting time of work, flexibility in work place and others. 2. Process adopted by Probuild for balancing competitive environment, workplace balance and flexibility within organization Probuild construction adopted work life balance theory to achieve competitive advantage while their working process. Probuild construction as mentioned in case study has achieved success in maintaining their flexibility in workplace and balance among both work as well as personal life. Work life balance theory adopted by Probuild helped them in motivating their employees to perform better by which Probuild company productivity as well as profitability was increased. Flexible work opportunity gave probuild employees choice their work starting time which suited them best and the place of work (Slideshare.net, 2014). If employees are given chance for choosing the time of starting work and best suited place or location of work then will be influenced to provide positive outcome to their organization. Different flexibilities which were provided by Probuild to their employees are flexibility in time and wok location, work from home option if possible, proper scheduled off days from work so that employees can spend time with their family and friends. Rotation in job time i.e. employee who is comfortable with morning should be given morning and others. As mentioned in (Amann and Stachowicz-Stanusch) to increase their profitable in comparison of their competitors Probuild adopted job sharing strategy so that no employees is having work load, every employee is provided with a proper job as per their skills, knowledge and capabilities. The main advantage of job sharing in Probuild was that the tasks assigned to employees were finished on time which makes good impression in front of customers. The strategy adopted by Probuild to balance their employees work life and in the achieving higher profit in comparison of their competitors were as work life balance strategies, proper wage structure of every employees and other. Probuild construction adopted work life balance strategy to provide their employees flexibility in working hours, starting and ending time of work, providin g them less working hour on Saturday and etc. To implement these all strategy in Probuild management of company started doing survey with the help of employees families, friends and employees themselves (Slideshare.net, 2015). As mentioned in case study company distributed survey paper to all 150 employees of Victoria office to identify the effect of working hour and environment on employees personal life. In contrast to this () for increasing competitive advantage organization should try to maintain a proper communication among employee and employer. Good communication cycle will help in knowing easily the problem of employees regarding the work. Probuild construction always tries to avoid long hour working for their employees as it can harm their health which may affect companys productivity. Figure 1 represents the different work life balance strategy adopted by Probuild to achieve competitive advantage. Figure 1: Probuild Work life balance strategy The main objective of adopting work life balance strategy by Probuild is to maintain their hard working, most reliable, high profitable company reputation in the market which always helped them in achieving competitive advantages. Work life balance strategy adoption by Probuild also helped in building strong bonding among employee and employer. 3. Recommended flexible and work family balance strategies for Probuild In contrast to work life balance Probuild adopted a new strategy work family strategy which helped organization in motivating their employees in marinating a proper balance between their work life and other life. To get a positive competitive advantage company require focus on their employee requirement as well as their needs. Work family policy was adopted by Probuild taking into consideration the major problems which their employees use to face in balancing their work life and other life (Pain). Probuild should try to provide their employees paid parental leave as well as work from home facility to their female employees if they want (Slideshare.net, 2015). The most important factor on which Probuild should work is their female employees who participate in both in house job and field jobs. As stated by (Anon) organization can never fulfill every employee needs and requirement but if before making any change in their policies and strategies company properly survey employees and thei r family members, they can know the exact problem. The flexibilities provided by Probuild to their employees regarding work environment, time and other factor helps in motivating their employees to perform better. But on the other hand as stated by (Anon) Probuild should try to provide flexibilities to their employees as per their position in organization. If middle level employees and upper level employee are provided with the same work flexibility then Probuild may suffer in their work. Probuild construction organization provide their employees many flexibilities like starting time and work location as per the choice but Probuild should always work in a ethical way because it is evaluated by a research (Anon) that if people are provide with high privilege regarding work there demand will be increased and they may affect organization work environment. Work family balance strategy adopted by Probuild should be in favor of every employee, if organization ignored any employee he/she c an be de motivated regarding his/her work which can harm organization productivity. Work family strategy adopted by Probuild can only be profitable for organization when their senior management have high level commitment for the organization and their work. To make successful work family strategy Probuild should always monitor their communication among the employees and employer. It was found by a research (Anon) that if construction organization like Probuild provide their employees flexibility and effectiveness in workplace regarding their work time, location and other factor employees will show more satisfaction for their work and loyalty towards organization. Probuild while planning their work family strategy should consider work responsibilities and impact of it on their family. Suppose if employee is suffering from severe health from and he/she is not providing with proper leave, the result of this will be from both employee as well as their family. (Anon, 2015) commented on t his as to motivate employee to an employee perform better organization should always consider their family members while planning any flexibility and work family balance strategy. The other strategies which Probuid construction can adopt are as part time work policy, access to employee child care by providing shift work and etc, job mobility as per the employees skills and knowledge. Outcome and benefits of new recommended strategies The outcome which Probuild achieved by adopting these strategies are as their employees motivational rate was increased which raise their profit and productivity share. The new strategies adopted by Probuild are flexibility in work time, job sharing and flexibility to work from home, choice work location and work time as per individual choice. Probuild provided flexible work schedule so that employee can balance their work and other life at the same time without affecting the work. Job sharing strategy adopted by Probuild helped them to finish their task on time without giving work load to their employees (Parboteeah and Cullen). The adoption of new strategies helped Probuild to build strong bonding among employer and employees, increased loyalty level of their employee towards their work and organization. By a research (Campos e Cunha and Cunha, n.d.) it was found that if both parents are working with a heavy workload every time than their children will be affected in negative manne r. In contrast to this (Anon) commented that if parents are working in such a organization who provide them flexible working time and location their children will be having different qualities and thoughts regarding family and other relationship in comparison of other children (Small Business - Chron.com, 2015). Probuild work life balance strategy help their employees to arrange time for their children and other family members or any other work apart from office work. The new strategy recommended above paid parental leave will also help Probuild construction to maintain a proper employee employer relationship, as employees will be assure that if they want they can take few days leave for taking care of their parents which is very important part of every individuals life. As mentioned by (Cullen and Parboteeah, n.d.) if employer helps employee to create openly and honestly support between their work and personal life, it will attract new employees with high level of trust and loyalty towards their job and organization. Strategies like flexibility in child care, part time work and work shifts can help Probuild to retain more new employees with more concern towards their task. Roles of strategic HRM in Probuild organization Probuild is a construction company so maintain employee and employer relationship by providing different rewards and flexibilities can increase their employee performance as well as organization profitability share. The main role of Probuild human resource management department is to plan and implement strategies within the organization which help in increasing their productivity and retention. As mentioned by (Garcia-Carbonell, Martin-Alcazar and Sanchez-Gardey) Probuild hrm department have different set of responsibilities as recruitment and selection of new employees as per the requirement of organization, plan compensation strategies by taking into consideration both employee and organization, training and development strategies and plan so that employee get influenced to perform better and etc (prezi.com). One of the major responsibilities which managers of Probuild are having is motivating and influencing their employee to perform better. Probuild hrm always try to plan such a reward and pay structure so that their employees find it beneficial. Human resource management of Probuild help organization to gain their employees trust and loyalty regarding their job and responsibility as said by (Kim, Kim and Hong) if employer want their employee to perform better they should always provide them a good pay structure as per their roles and responsibilities. Human resource management department always plan new strategies taking into consideration their employee roles and responsibilities as well as organization gain in terms of finance as well as market reputation. As mentioned by (McEwen, 2011) if human resources management department of any organization is good and supportive for their employees, employer profit and market reputation will automatically increase. Human resource management department of Probuild should always analyze the new strategies adopted by them as mentioned in case study some strategies are flexibility in work time and location, work life balance strategy and etc. As commented by (Noe and Noe, 2012) human resource management people functions are as to analyze the roles and responsibilities of their employer, plan new strategies in favor of both employee and employer, increase the level of retention, recruitment and selection as per the requirement of Probuild, evaluate the problem which employees are facing regarding the work and other life balance process and other. Human resource management department is the backbone of any organization as they have to work for both employee and organization benefits. As commented by (Paauwe, 2004) the main focus point of Probuild human resource management are productivity, quality of work and the services provided to their employees. Work life balance strategy implemented by human resource management department helped Probuild in many ways as in increasing their employee reliability towards their job and towards the organization. Challenges faced by Probuild HRM while managing human resource The main challenges which human resource management department of Probuild face while managing their human resource are as in planning strategies and action which will work as per all employees , so that all employees are benefitted by strategies equally. Commented (Pain, 2014) that any organization cannot fulfill each and every employees needs and demand regarding flexibility and other strategies in work place. Every employee are having their own problems and they want flexibilities as per that only, so the main challenge which hrm of Probuild face is in deciding a strategy which is helpful for every employees and no employee feel ignored. Probuild human resources are their employees who are having different sets of problems and want which managers find difficult in managing (Rowley and Warner). As mentioned in case study Probuild managers evaluated more than 150 employees and their families before implementing work family balance strategy but on the other hand Probuild managers fac ed many problems in deciding what flexibilities should be provided to their employees so that it does not affect organization working environment. Managing human resource is very difficult task as everyone has its own belief and style of working (Working-moms.yoexpert.com, 2015). The other challenge which Probuild human resource management faced was regarding pay structure of their employees, that is managers always tried to convince their employees regarding their salary so that employees can perform better. As mentioned in case study human resource management department of Probuild construction found difficult in managing their employees i.e. the line manager and staff manager. Probuild managers after analyzing the problems faced by their employees in balancing work life and their personal life decided to implement work family balance strategy and flexibility in work time and location. Conclusion The study is all about the Probuild construction company different strategies which they adopted in favor of employees as flexibilities in work time, location and work family balance strategy. Probuild is a construction company so main factor on which they depend is their employees and clients for which they work (Rowley and Warner, 2013). Probuild construction is a contractor based company i.e. the take different task from customers or by any third party which they have to complete in given time duration. The main problem faced by human resource management department of Probuild is maintaining coordination and proper communication among their line staff and managers. Probuild managers implement new strategies only after evaluating the problem faced by their employees in workplace. Human resource department of Probuild focus on the communication among employee and employer, maintain new strategies and old strategies balance adopted by organization. Bibliography References Ahlvik, C. and Bjrkman, I. (2014). Towards explaining subsidiary implementation, integration, and internalization of MNC headquarters HRM practices.International Business Review. Amann, W. and Stachowicz-Stanusch, A. (2012).Integrity in organizations. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.fsc.gov.au/sites/FSC/Resources/AZ/Documents/Probuild28Oct09.pdf [Accessed 18 Mar. 2015]. [Accessed 18 Mar. 2015]. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.whenworkworks.org/downloads/www_toolkit_120312.pdf [Accessed 18 Mar. 2015]. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://file:///C:/Users/Admin/Downloads/Work-and-family-best-practice-guide.pdf [Accessed 18 Mar. 2015]. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.health.wa.gov.au/worklifebalance/docs/Retention.pdf [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015]. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/Parents_Work_Life.pdf [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015]. Campos e Cunha, R. and Cunha, M. (n.d.). Impact of Strategy, HRM Strength and HRM Bundles on Innovation Performance and Organizational Performance.SSRN Journal. Cullen, J. and Parboteeah, P. (n.d.).Multinational management. Garcia-Carbonell, N., Martin-Alcazar, F. and Sanchez-Gardey, G. (2014). Understanding the HRM-Performance Link: A Literature Review on the HRM Strategy Formulation Process.IJBA, 5(2). Kim, S., Kim, S. and Hong, M. (2010). A Study on the e-HRM Management Information System Implementation for Effective Personnel Management.The Journal of the Korean Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, 14(2), pp.409-414. McEwen, K. (2011).Building resilience at work. Bowen Hills, Qld.: Australian Academic Press. Noe, R. and Noe, R. (2012).Human resource management. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Paauwe, J. (2004).HRM and performance. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pain, E. (2014). Improving Your Work-Life Balance.Science. Parboteeah, P. and Cullen, J. (2011).Strategic international management. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. prezi.com, (2015).The Probuild Constructions Story. [online] Available at: https://prezi.com/hignln143hl1/the-probuild-constructions-story/ [Accessed 18 Mar. 2015]. Ricardo de Souza Freitas, W., Jos Chiappetta Jabbour, C. and Csar Almada Santos, F. (2011). Continuing the evolution: towards sustainable HRM and sustainable organizations.Business Strategy Series, 12(5), pp.226-234. Rowley, C. and Warner, M. (2013).Globalizing International Human Resource Management. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Slideshare.net, (2014).Challenges of Human Resource Management. [online] Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/mekuanintabera/chrm-project [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015]. Slideshare.net, (2015).Strategic role of human resources management. [online] Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/gihanaboueleish/strategic-role-of-human-recourses-management [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015]. Slideshare.net, (2015).The Strategic Role Of Hrm. [online] Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/mmharoon786/the-strategic-role-of-hrm [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015]. Small Business - Chron.com, (2015).The Strategic Role of Human Resource Managers. [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/strategic-role-human-resource-managers-11782.html [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015]. Working-moms.yoexpert.com, (2015).YoExpert.com | What is the best strategy for balancing work and family?. [online] Available at: https://working-moms.yoexpert.com/work-life-balance/what-is-the-best-strategy-for-balancing-work-and-f-4113.html [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015].

Kyrgyzstan

Self Assessment and Writing a Graduate Admissions Essay

Self Assessment and Writing a Graduate Admissions Essay The  admissions essay  bewilders most graduate school applicants yet it is a vital part of the application that cannot be ignored.  The  admissions essay serves an important purpose because it permits you to speak directly to the graduate committee. This is an important opportunity thats also a big source of stress for applicants. Most admit that they dont know where to begin. Writing your admissions essay is a process, not a discrete event. Writing an effective essay requires preparation  You must gather the information needed to compose the essay, understand the task at hand, and decide what you would like to convey. Here are some tips to help you gather the information needed to compose a graduate admissions essay that sets you apart from the rest. Conduct a Personal Assessment The first step is to conduct a thorough self-assessment. Leave yourself plenty of time because this is a process of self-exploration that you dont want to rush. Sit down with a pad or at the keyboard, and begin writing. Dont censor yourself in any way. Just write what feels natural. Begin taking notes on what drives you. Describe your hopes, dreams, and aspirations. What do you hope to gain from graduate study? Granted, most of this information may not make it into the essay, but your goal at this point is to brainstorm. Identity as much of your personal history as possible so that you can carefully sift through and sort out events and personal items that will strengthen your essay. Consider: HobbiesProjects that youve completedJobsResponsibilitiesAccomplishments in the personal and scholastic arenaMajor life events that have changed youChallenges and hurdles youve overcomeLife events that motivate your educationPeople who have influenced you or motivated you  Traits, work habits, and attitudes that will ensure your success your goals Carefully consider your academic record and personal accomplishments. How do the attitudes, values, and personal qualities that youve listed correspond to these experiences? Try to pair them up. For example, your curiosity and thirst for knowledge may have led you to conduct independent research with a professor. Consider how each pair of attitudes/personal qualities and experiences show that youre prepared to excel in graduate school. Also, consider these questions that will help you gather information that will be useful in writing your essays. Once you have a master list, carefully examine the information that youve listed. Remember that the information that you chose to present can portray you as a positive and upbeat person or as a tired and discouraged student. Think about the image that you want to portray and revise your master list accordingly. Use the revised list as a basis for all of your admissions essays. Carefully consider  what you should (and should not!) include in your essay. Do Your Research Research the programs that interest you. Read the brochure, check the website, gather all information possible to help you determine what the admissions committee is looking for from potential students. Your research should provide enough of a knowledge base about the school to tailor your essay to it. Show that youre interested and that youve taken the time to learn about the program. Take careful notes on each program and note where your personal interests, qualities, and accomplishments coincide. Consider the Questions Posed If youre truly interested in the  graduate programs to which youre applying (and with a $50 application fee for most schools, you should be interested!), take the time to tailor your essay to each program. One size clearly does not fit all. Many applications require that students address specific questions in their admissions essays, such as  these common admissions essay topics. Make sure that youre answering the question. Take time to think about the question, the central theme asked, and how it corresponds to your master list of experiences/personal qualities. Some applications offer a string of questions. Pay attention to your responses and try to avoid being redundant. Consider How to Organize Your Essay Before you begin your essay,  familiarize yourself with the basic structure of admissions essays. As you begin to write, remember that this is your chance to present your strengths and really shine. Take advantage of it. Discuss your accomplishments, valuable experiences, and emphasize the positive. Make it involved and engaging. Show that youre motivated. Remember that the committee is composed of professionals who have read hundreds, even thousands of such statements over the years. Make yours stand out. Your admissions essay is a story that tells the graduate admissions committee who you are and what you can offer. Granted, the questions posed will differ by program, but the general challenge is to introduce yourself and describe your potential as a successful candidate. A careful self-assessment and consideration of the program and the questions posed will aid in your endeavor to write a winning personal statement.

Case discussion Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion - Case Study Example y politically motivated (lobbying intense) actions that Chiquita took to counteract the EU common policy and analyze why they were not met with greater success in terms of breaking down the imposed trade barriers in the European market. One way to counteract the EU policy was to seek measures that involved lobbying trade unions that represent the interests of its citizens who are affected by foreign trading policies. This measure is not only political but legal as well but the process takes long due to verification of the policies and the bureaucracies. The solution achieved by this lobbying is either middle or long term as the trade unions seek to prevent other companies in future from these policies (Spar 13). The other channel that may be open and provide solution to the foreign policy issue is seeking powerful politicians to lobby against imposition of such policies by foreign bodies which â€Å"hurt† the companies in their country. This can be done through coming up with bills and lobbying during the political meetings and sittings and seek not only a temporary but permanent solution as well. The problem with this just like with the other solution is the time it will take before implementation is done hence not providing a short term

The Rise & Fall of a Billion Dollar Company Enron Term Paper

The Rise & Fall of a Billion Dollar Company Enron - Term Paper Example In the year 1999, the company introduced its broadband services named as Enron Online, which was a website for trading commodities that enabled the company to acquire the largest position in the globe. A major chunk of business was acquired from online trade business (Fox, 2003). Growth of Enron over the years was tremendous.  In the year 2000, the company's annual revenue touched the new heights of USD 100 billion. It  stood at the position of the seventh largest company of the world as reported by the Fortune 500 and the sixth largest business entity in energy sector of the world. The company's stock price at capital market witnessed its peak that was 90 USD (Fusaro & Miller, 2002). Every one knew that Enron was the billionaire business conglomerate of the United States of America housed in Houston, Texas. The prime business of this entity was energy, commodities and services before it was declared bankrupt in the year 2001. It employed more than 20,000 employees to deal with t heir electricity natural gas, communication, pulp and paper company businesses that generated revenue around 101 billion USD (Fusaro & Miller, 2002). The renowned business magazine â€Å"Fortune† placed Enron as America’s the most innovative company for consecutive six years. In the year 2001, the signs of financial frauds came to surface in the said company. This had created a storm in the corporate world. With this financial scam, many questions were raised about the efficiency of standard accounting practice. To overcome this situation in future, the legislators of USA created Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (McLean & Elkind, 2003). The dissolution of Arthur Anderson accounting firm had jolted number of companies around the world. The Enron financial scam was considered as one of the biggest and perhaps most complex bankruptcy cases in the history of United States of America (Fox, 2003). Incumbents In the year 1990, Jeff Skilling, Chief Financial Officer, hired Andrew Fa stow, who was well versed with the tricks of the trade wanted to exploit the energy market. To achieve the desired goal, Fastow established numerous entities to handle common business practices. It also allowed Enron to place liability in order to maintain a robust growth of stock price to keep its critical investment grade credit ratings intact (Swartz & Watkins, 2003). Kenneth Lee "Ken" Lay was an American businessman whose role in terms of widely reported corruption that caused the downfall of Enron cannot be undermined. He and Enron became the part and parcel of corporate abuse and accounting fraud. Lay was enjoying the status of CEO and Chairman of Enron over a period of two decades till his resignation (Brewer & Hansen, 2002). In the year 2004, Lay was indicted by a constituted grand jury on 11 counts concerning securities’ frauds. The trial of Lay and Skilling began in Houston wherein Lay was found guilty on account of committing and abetting financial frauds. The comp etent court of law awarded him punishment on 10 counts leaving the 11th count relating to securities fraud, making false and misleading statements. Each count as per American Law attracted maximum 5 to 10 years rigorous imprisonment (Hodak, 2007). In the year 1999, Jeff Skilling raised the cash by selling off his assets to overcome the paucity of funds. The assets of Enron Oil and Gas Company were put on sale for gaining information about the market value. The company ran its business smoothly

Technology in Place Prior to Disaster Event (Who, What, When, Where, Essay

Technology in Place Prior to Disaster Event (Who, What, When, Where, Why) - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that hurricane research succeeded in prediction and therefore saving lives. People would salvage their property on their own without warning. Those who made it survived and those who were not able to would die. But all the same, New Orleans would not be deserted. People came back after the hurricane to settle down again. Prior to the hurricane, people did not build high walls and canals to drain water. It was not thought of until a research was done after the hurricane. Disasters would strike again and again. People would move away when disaster strikes and come back when it had gone. It is in Virginia Key, FLA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. that an accurate hurricane forecasting may be found in the wreckage of its worst failure. Many people died because weather officials did not recognize the power dynamics of the storm and failed to warn residents until it was too late to do anything. Homes and businesses were destroyed. Bodies floated in Galveston Bay for days. This is an example of what used to happen long before current technology was used in forecasting and therefore preparing people for such disasters. After previous hurricanes, levees, seawalls, pumping systems and satellite hurricane tracking provide a comfort safety margin that has saved many lives. Modern technology and engineering was, however, an alarming fact. â€Å"In the generations since those storms menaced, champagne’s ancestors, South Louisiana has been growing more vulnerable to hurricanes, no less†. These flood protection efforts here caused sinking land and coastal erosion. These have opened dangerous ways for relatively weak hurricanes and tropical storms to affect new areas inland.

The cause and effect of Gangs in Society

The cause and effect of Gangs in Society According to Street Wars by Tom Hayden, an estimate of over 25,000 young people in the United States, the majority of them African American and Latino, have been killed in street wars during the past two decades (Hayden, Foreword). Because of these violent events, those who live in poorer areas of the country are stereotyped: every child with a tattoo and street child is stigmatized as a criminal who is creating an unfriendly climate for investment or tourism in the country(Hayden, Preface, IX). Gangs never used to be called gangs, and some still do not call themselves gangs(Hayden, 2). Although several gang members see themselves as a family or neighborhood, it is pointed out that gangs are essentially a criminal enterprise(Hayden, 3). This review of literature will examine the factors that contribute to the cause of people coming together to commit crimes, as well as the question of whether the decisions made to join gangs are forced or made at free will. An explanation for the gro wth of gangs is the continuation of extreme poverty and isolation among the generation labeled at risk in our nations cities(Hayden, 16). The stereotype that these people are all criminals has become one of the reasons gangs rebel against the society just because it was wrong and violated societys standards of acceptable behavior(Carrigan, 278). Growing Up Without Proper Nurturing Gang members often come from dysfunctional, abusive, or broken homes, poor living conditions, lack of parental discipline, neglect and low incomes(Carrigan, 285). A variety of studies have shown that a lack of time spent nurturing and properly disciplining children can be a significant contributor to problem behavior(Carrigan, 305). The National Center of Health Statistics in 1988 discovered that, Childrens well being is associated with family structurechildren from divorced families and those living with single parents have been found to have more emotional, behavioral, and academic problems than children living with both of their biological parents (Carrigan, 287). For the upbringing of gang members from single parent households, it wasnt so much the family status that caused the problem. Rather, the status brought on stresses and strains that contributed to the deprivation of good parenting(Carrigan, 287). Jane Rodd, an experienced social worker, states that, What society has to l earn is that children growing up have needs: support, love, respect, fair discipline and a family with positive social values. If these elements are not a strong part of childhood development, the child may well become antisocial as a youth(Carrigan, 287). Study done for the Ministry of the Solicitor General of Canada (1985) reviewed the literature on family relationships and delinquency and reached the conclusions that family criminality, whether it be parents or siblings, is a powerful predictor of childrens delinquency, and parental supervision, followed by mothers affection during childhood, appear to be the two most important variables accounting for adult criminality(Carrigan, 286). Some of the gang members are even homeless, either because their parents are on drugs and they discard them, or they have no homes and the children drift away(Castro). Most gang members have nothing to live for, except their hood. They pledge allegiance to their neighborhood gang, and it becomes their whole wide world, their family. Their loyalty is fierce(Castro). Donald J. McKinnon suggests that the main cause of juvenile delinquency is the lack of a sense of responsibility on the part of parents in the matter of bringing up and training children, l eaving them out on the streets(Carrigan, 284). The particular culture of a lower-class community is seen as one of the major factors that causes gang delinquency(Carrigan, 278). The individual is influenced by the norms of the gang, which in turn reflect modes of behavior acceptable to a lower-class culture. These norms are different from the middle-class culture, which places a higher value on conformist behavior(Carrigan, 278). Throughout American history, a high percentage of delinquents has come from poor economic backgrounds. The correlation led to the easy conclusion that poverty causes crime(Carrigan, 283). It is conveniently forgotten that the sources of most street gangs lie in violent oppression, dispossession, and migration(Hayden, 200). In the twenty-first century, the new generation has been Brought up in a materialistic environment, indulged, protected, and taught by consumer-oriented society that instant gratification was a normal expectation in life, therefore youths often lacked patience and an ability to cope wi th frustration(Carrigan 299). Influences in the past that had helped to nurture values and character were, by the 1960s, either substantially diminished or gone(Carrigan, 300). The decline in the influence of the churches, less emphasis on values education in the schools, and the diminution of the role of the state as a moral agent have contributed to the lessening of interest in the role of values as a governor on human behavior(Carrigan, 288). Heredity While bad neighborhoods and lack of moral education is blamed for the formation of gangs, some studies indicate that the urge to join gangs might lie, at least in part, in their genes(Boys May Feel a Genetic Pull Toward Gangs). Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909), professor of medicine at the University of Turin in Italy, argues that more persistent and violent criminals were born that way. They were throwbacks to a more primitive stage of development(Carrigan, 273). He also defined a criminal as an atavistic being who reproduces in his person the ferocious instincts of primitive humanity and the inferior animals, stating that these people generally have enormous jaws, high cheekbones, prominent superciliary arches, solitary lines in the palms, extreme size of the orbits, handle-shaped or sessile ears found in criminals, savages, and apes; insensibility to pain, extremely acute sight, tattooing, excessive idleness, love of orgies, and the irresistible craving for evil for its own sake, the d esire not only to extinguish life in the victim, but to mutilate the corpse, tear its flesh, and drink its blood(Carrigan, 273). Also, those born with criminal traits start lawless activities at an early age, and constantly demonstrate anger, a spirit of revenge, idleness, volubility and lack of affection(Carrigan, 273). It is said that aggressive behavior is one of the early signs of antisocial and criminal tendencies(Carrigan, 306). Other traits are also said to be hints of rebellion when children grow older: a taste for risk; below average verbal intelligence; response to frustration more likely to involve resentment and anger rather than composure or anxiety, guilt or depression; egocentricism; moral immaturity; and poor problem-solving, coping or self-regulation skills(Carrigan, 281). Children that have high tolerance for deviance in general; rejection of the validity of the law in particular, applies rationalizations for law violations to a wide range of stimuli as reasons for anger, tend to become a lot more rebellious when they grow older(Carrigan, 280). Even the most sensitive among them [the gang members] often have committed terrible violence(Castro). However, those who are insensible to pain are often one of the most violent members in the gangs. One gang member tried to steal a car from this guy, and when the guy resisted, he knocked him down and ran over him with the car. Then he backed up, ran over him again, then he drove around the block and came back and ran over him again. Then he put the car in reverse, and as he ran over the guy a fourth time, the police came along and saw it(Castro). According to a study, Boys who have a variant of the gene monoamine oxidase A(MAOA) otherwise known as the warrior gene are not only more likely to be in gangs than boys without the variant, but they tend to be among the most violent members(Boys May Feel a Genetic Pull Toward Gangs). It is not only the poverty-stricken environment or the broken homes that deprive individuals of a sense of belonging, desperate to join gangs. The study shows that joining gangs also has to do with the genetics of a person (Boys May Feel a Genetic Pull Toward Gangs). Previous research has linked low-activity MAOA variants to a wide range of antisocial, even violent, behavior, but our study confirms that these variants can predict gang membership, the studys lead author, Kevin M. Beaver, a biosocial criminologist at Florida State Universitys College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, said in a university news release. Moreover, we found that variants of this gene could distinguish gang members who we re markedly more likely to behave violently and use weapons from members who were less likely to do either(Boys May Feel a Genetic Pull Toward Gangs). The MAOA gene is believed to affect levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin that are related to mood and behavior, according to the study. Previous research found that the warrior gene is more prevalent in cultures that are typified by warfare and aggression. Strain Theory When someone is unable to gain wealth, power, status, or possessions by legitimate means(Carrigan, 276), due to the frustration felt at being blocked by the system, the individual violates the accepted code of conduct and to resort to illegitimate or illegal means(Carrigan, 277). Strain theory emphasizes the relationship in society between the goals that constitute status and the conventions or does of conduct that regulate the manner in which those aspirations may be pursued(Carrigan, 276). General Strain Theory identifies three major sources of strain: the failure to achieve positively valued goals, the loss of positively valued stimuli, and the presentation of negative stimuli. The first type of strain includes three subtypes: the failure to achieve aspirations or ideal goals, the failure to achieve expectations, and the failure to be treated in a just / fair manner(Broidy and Agnew). It also considers types of strain other than goal blockage, such as the loss of positive stimuli like friends and romantic partners, and the presentation of negative stimuli like excessive demands and verbal, sexual or physical abuse(Broidy and Agnew). The delinquent accepts societys norms that place an importance on the ownership of certain things, but social inequalities, such as poverty, prevent their attainment, therefore turning to crime(Carrigan, 277). Sampson and Wilson (1995) proposed an integrated social disorganization-strain theory in which strain factors are viewed as causing the deterioration of social controls, which are hypothesized to have the more direct effect on crime(DeFronzo). They argue that the forms of social disorganization that promote crime most likely include disrupted, dysfunctional, and/or structurally impaired households; ethnic, racial, and class discrimination and hostility; and the development of deviant subcultures, although they specified that such subcultures are not entirely distinct from the conventional-dominant culture but rather deviant in the sense of fostering at least the tolerance of certain nonconformist behaviors(DeFronzo). Sampson and Wilson concluded that strain factors such as economically generated frustrations or the lack of access to legitimate opportunities tend to create forms of social disorganization. For example, limited economic resources might be expected to result in stresswhi ch, in turn, increases the likelihood of excessive use of alcohol or other drugsand unprotected sexual intercourse outside of marriage often resulting in children being raised in one-parent households(DeFronzo). The Hippie Movement could be one of the examples of gang-like rebellion against mainstream society, although it influenced the culture later on(Carrigan, 300). The revolt of the 1960s was led, disproportionately, by advantaged, well-educated young people who began the first phase of their protest in universitiesWhen faulty and administrations resisted their demands for change, they resorted to protest and sometimes violence to achieve their goals(Carrigan, 300). Clothing styles were changed as an increasing number of people defied convention by opting for casual dress on all occasions, including topless bathing suits; language took on a new coarseness, as four-letter words became the style and symbol of liberation; drug use reached epidemic proportion, as a way of defying legal restraints(Carrigan, 301). It is said that, The social structure itself is the source of the pressure that forces a person into nonconformist or criminal conduct(Carrigan, 276). In a similar way, different strains gang members experience push them into the situation where they would rather commit crimes together than facing their previous struggles(Hayden, 216-217). Conclusion: The formation of gangs hasnt intensified or surfaced until the past few decades(Hayden, 3). It has caused the death of innocent people, and ruined the future for several gang members that initially joined for the sense of belonging, outside of their dysfunctional families and failed relationships. Those who have been bold, allowed themselves to befriend the gang members and have learned more about them as people, have fortunately survived (Castro). They have also been able to turn some lives around, and help them realize gang violence is preventable (Hayden, Foreword). We must put effort into peacemaking, so that our country would become more civilized and be rid of unnecessary violence. Mike Davis from Planet of Slums emphasized that, What is clear is that the contemporary mega-slum poses unique problems of imperial order and social control that conventional geopolitics has barely begun to register. If the aim of the war on terrorism; is to pursue the erstwhile enemy into his sociol ogical and cultural labyrinth, then the poor peripheries of developing cities will be the permanent battlefields of the twenty-first century(Hayden, Preface).

A Floral Engagement :: essays research papers fc

A Floral Engagement A Floral Engagement From the brides bouquet to the beautiful centerpieces few people realize the time, effort, and consideration that goes into the planning a wedding. The floral patterns and arrangements are just one part of the battle, but if you think about how many flowers are in a wedding then it is easy to see that they are the hardest part of putting a it together. Did you ever think about how many flowers are actually in a wedding? The bouquets and flowers are a very important part of a wedding day. A bridal bouquet should be a reflection of style and should compliment the bride’s dress. It adds that special touch to create the mood desired for the wedding. Flowers should show true depth and add beautiful colors and to a wedding dress. Brides usually try to find bouquets and floral patterns that have a completely unique elegance that reflects them for their special day. There are many things a bride has to do before her wedding day in order for her floral decisions to contrast nicely. Like determining her wedding style or theme, so that all the flowers in the church match the types of things (music, decorations) in the wedding. Hiring a wedding consultant, if she plans to use one to help her out with things including the floral arrangements. Deciding on a color scheme, this way there are not too many contrasting colors in the flowers at the wedding/reception. Planing the reception, like where it’s going to be and climate matters for certain types of flowers. Selecting the dress and headpiece, so that the bouquet matches perfectly. Selecting a professional florist, so she gets the best quality service for a reasonable amount of money. Selecting the bridesmaids' dresses, according to the color scheme, of course, they have to match all the flowers and bouquets also. Deposits have to be paid and contracts have to be signed so that there is no con fusion on what the bride wants, and is going to get. Having both mothers coordinate and pick their dresses, so that they match the color scheme as well. Selecting the men's (groom, and groom’s men) wedding attire so it matches the theme and color scheme. Then finalizing all the details with the florist. Believe it or not, there are a lot of considerations to think of when planning on what kind of flowers and arrangements they want.

Lord of the Flies as an Allegory Essay

The Lord of the Flies if read at face value can be interpreted as short book about the struggle to survive on a deserted island and its physical and psychological impacts on its inhabitants. But when the reader looks deeper, they see a novel that is an allegory that is filled with rich and detailed symbolism in almost all aspects of the book. An allegory is defined a type of writing that presents abstract ideas or moral principals in the form of symbolic characters, events, or objects. â€Å"The theme is an attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature† (Golding 204). The novel begins as our protagonist wanders along the beach. Ralph represents leadership, order, and civilization for the island. He uses his power for the good of the people, especially to protect the â€Å"littluns.† The littluns represent the people ruled by a government. In their case, the â€Å"bigguns† (the older boys), take advantage of the little boys and soon neglect them entirely. As the conch was blown â€Å"A deep harsh note boomed under the palms, spread through the intricacies of the forest and echoed back from the pink granite of the mountain† (Golding 17). Giving off a mighty sound, the conch also possessed the qualities of authority, unity, and power. When the society is formed, the boy who holds the conch is the only one allowed to speak. Jack first instituted this when he said â€Å"I’ll give the conch to the next person to speak† (Golding 33). As the story progresses, the conch looses its power and influence over the children and is eventually crushed when Piggy is trampled by a boulder. This marks the end of any democratic and civilized society on the island. Piggy represents intelligence and mortality. He acts with reason like a grownup would in his situation. Besides acting like a parent figure, Piggy also provides leadership before and after the tribe is split in half. â€Å"But nobody else understands that about the fire. If someone threw you a rope when you were drowning. If a doctor said take this because if you don’t take  it you’ll die- you would, wouldn’t you? Can’t they understand? Without the smoke signal we’ll die here?† (Golding 139). The signal fire is another symbol that changes to reflect the downward spiral of the children. The fire was instituted by Ralph and Piggy as an attempt to draw attention in hopes of rescue. The fire can be seen as a connection to civilization and as civilization itself. When the fire burns well at a normal pace, the island is at peace. â€Å"We’ve got no fire. That thing just sits up thereÆ’{ we’ll have to stay here† (Golding 129). But when the fire is out, the boys seen to loose interest in civilization and revert to primitive, savage beings, which cause problems for the fragile island society. Oddly the fire that brings about the boy’s rescue is not the signal fire, but a forest fire started by Jack to drive Ralph out into the open. The fire symbolizes power and the leadership of the tribe, as it provides warmth and heat for cooking. When Jack gains the ability to make fire, he seizes control of the tribe. Piggy’s glasses allow for the creation of all fire on the island. The glasses symbolize science and intelligence and their impacts on society. The glasses also play a pivotal role in the foreshadowing of the chaos that will eventually ensue on the island. â€Å"Jack smacked Piggy’s head. Piggy’s glasses flew off and tinkled on the rocks. Piggy cried out in terror: ‘My specs'† (Golding 71). The breaking of Piggy’s glasses can be considered the start of the events that will cause the island to descend into complete and inescapable chaos led by Jack’s anarchy. Jack Merridew represents a thirst for power and savagery comparable to primal instincts. Jack uses his power for pleasure only, slowly evolving into a total dictator by the time the tribe splits. â€Å"There isn’t a tribe for you anymore! I’m chief† (Golding 181). Jack cannot accept compromises in his authority and systematically takes part in, if not responsible for, the deaths of those who oppose him in his path to power. Jack uses the beast as a means to hunt more often and later gain power. The beast is nothing but the evil and primal instincts imbedded deep within all of us. Everyone on the island is afraid of it, while in reality it is simply does not exist. It appears that the more the boys act savagely, the more real the beast becomes. Soon the boys start to worship the beast and leave offerings to the beast. This head is for the beast. It’s a gift† (Golding 137). The lord of the flies is the gift left for the beast. It’s a bloody pig’s head on a stick. The lord of the flies is a physical manifestation of evil who invokes the inner beast within us all. When Simon speaks to the lord of the flies, its true nature is revealed. â€Å"You knew, didn’t you? I’m part of you† (Golding 143). Throughout the story Golding uses his characters, objects and events as symbols to get a deeper meaning across. The book weaves a compelling tale of optimism against the darkest side of human evil. Even though the novel shows that evil in every person exists, the basic human goodness still appears to prevail when all is said and done. The Lord of the Flies is truly a modern classic with a message for everyone.

What to Know About Zeta Potential

What to Know About Zeta Potential The zeta potential (ÃŽ ¶-potential) is the potential difference across phase boundaries between solids and liquids. Its a measure of the electrical charge of particles are that are suspended in liquid. Since zeta potential is not equal to the electric surface potential in a double layer or to the Stern potential, it is often the only value that can be used to describe double-layer properties of a colloidal dispersion. Zeta potential, also known as electrokinetic potential, is measured in millivolts (mV). In colloids, zeta potential is the electric potential difference across the ionic layer around a charged colloid ion. Put another way; its the potential in the interface double layer at the slipping plane. Typically, the higher the zeta-potential, the more stable the colloid. Zeta potential that is less negative than -15 mV typically represents the beginnings of agglomeration of particles. When the zeta-potential equals zero, the colloid will precipitate into a solid. Measuring Zeta Potential Zeta potential cannot be directly measured. It is calculated from theoretical models or estimated experimentally, often based on electrophoretic mobility. Basically, to determine zeta potential, one tracks that rate at which a charged particle moves in response to an electric field. Particles that possess a zeta potential will migrate toward the opposite-charged electrode. The rate of migration is proportional to zeta potential. Velocity typically is measured using a Laser Doppler Anemometer. The calculation is based on a theory described in 1903 by Marian Smoluchowski. Smoluchowskis theory is valid for any concentration or shape of dispersed particles. However, it assumes a sufficiently thin double layer, and it ignores any contribution of surface conductivity. Newer theories are used to perform electroacoustic and electrokinetic analyses under these conditions. There is a device called a zeta meter its expensive, but a trained operator can interpret the estimated values that it produces. Zeta meters typically rely on one of two electroacoustic effects: electric sonic amplitude and colloid vibration current. The advantage of using an electroacoustic method to characterize zeta potential is that the sample does not need to be diluted. Applications of Zeta Potential Since the physical properties of suspensions and colloids largely depend on the properties of the particle-liquid interface, knowing the zeta potential has practical applications. Zeta Potential Measurements are used to Prepare colloidal dispersions for cosmetics, inks, dyes, foams, and other chemicalsDestroy undesirable colloidal dispersions during water and sewage treatment, preparation of beer and wine, and dispersing aerosol productsReduce cost of additives by calculating the minimum amount needed to achieve the desired effect, such as the amount of flocculant added to water during water treatmentIncorporate colloidal dispersion during manufacturing, as in cements, pottery, coatings, etc.Utilize desirable properties of colloids, which include capillary action and detergency. Properties may be applied for mineral flotation, impurity absorption, separating petroleum from reservoir rock, wetting phenomena, and electrophoretic deposition of paints or coatingsMicroelectrophoresis to characterize blood, bacteria, and other biological surfacesCharacterize the properties of clay-water systemsMany other uses in mineral processing, ceramics manufacturing, electronics manufacturing, pharmaceutical producti on, etc. References American Filtration and Separations Society, What Is Zeta Potential? Brookhaven Instruments, Zeta Potential Applications. Colloidal Dynamics, Electroacoustic Tutorials, The Zeta Potential (1999). M. von Smoluchowski, Bull. Int. Acad. Sci. Cracovie, 184 (1903). Dukhin, S.S. and Semenikhin, N.M. Koll. Zhur., 32, 366 (1970).

The ghosts speech in Hamlet Research Paper Example

The ghosts speech in Hamlet Research Paper Example The ghosts speech in Hamlet Paper The ghosts speech in Hamlet Paper The extract commences with the usage of a caesura which reinforces the lack of time that the ghost of Hamlet has to spare till day breaks. The ghost then begins to use an anecdote, where offstage action is brought on stage. The ghost speaks of his custom of sleeping in the orchard during the afternoon; the word custom highlights the manipulative and conniving nature of Claudius. This manipulative brother stole which refers to the sin of theft; this is also an attribution to the Ten Commandments listed in the bible, which quoted Thou shall not steal. Claudius stole Hamlets life with cursed hebenon, which was noted to be potent when it mixes with the blood stream, and causes the blood to curdle. The ghost of Hamlet then uses the metaphor of describing the ears as a porch which is the natural extrusion of the body. The leperous distilment refers to the cursed hebenon which curdles blood, and leperous is an apt adjective as it describes the effect of the poisonous liquid. The effect is described as enmity with the blood of man, as if personifying the liquid as abhorrent to human blood. Hebenons rapid action is compared to the swiftness of quicksilver or mercury as the metaphor of the natural gates and alleys of the body is used to makes the comparison effective as it effectively curdles blood. The theme of redundancy is brought out again, by using another example of curd. Hamlets ghost then uses a simile as curd curdles milk. Hamlets ghosts blood like the milk became curdled by the dropping of curd. There is use of contrast as the word thin is used to emphasize the thickness of anything curdled. Hamlets ghost soon was tainted by a skin ailment, he then specifies how the skin ailment if lazar-like or like leprosy. Shakespeare again uses contrast to reiterate the ill effects of this lecherous liquid, as the words of loathsome crust being the result of the transition from his smooth body. Hamlet again underlines the politic nature of Claudius by saying that he was sleeping. Shakespeare then makes clear to the audience of the nature of the murder. This murder didnt just rob King Hamlet of his life, but also two more esteemed possessions, his crown and wife. Hamlets ghost also uses the word dispatched which is a euphemism compared to the accusations of theft mentioned previously. The sacrosanct nature of King Hamlet is brought out as he mentions numerous Christian beliefs. It was believed that one must seek salvation and confess before ones death, but King Hamlet was unaware of the cruel slaughtering of his life, he was cut in the blossoms of his sin. Unhouseled refers to how the ghost was without sacrament and the Eucharist. Disappointed infers how Hamlet was unprepared for death, and he couldnt confess to sins and seek absolution. Unanointed refers to how King Hamlet has not received the holy oil from a priest. The theme of redundancy which is frequently used through the play, is seen in the lines oh horrible, oh horrible, most horrible to advocate the nefarious nature of the crime. Hamlet then uses a tall command by leaving him virtually with no choice by saying bear it not, what he shouldnt bear is noticed to be the same view point as his son. He cant see his wife and throne as the foundations of damned incest. This again alludes to the third intent of Claudius. But to startle the audience, King Hamlets undying love is once again brought out, telling him not to contrive against his mother, Leave her to Heaven. This yet again shows the religious nature of Hamlet, who will only let St. Peter at the gates of heaven judge his wife, as it is no mortals right. King Hamlet then uses the metaphor of the thorn that in her bosom lodge which refers to the guilt ridden state that the rosy queen will be subjugated to. The passage of time is again brought through the words of the ghost, he says Fare thee well since daylight must be soon approaching, by using an example of the glowworm and how its fire is soon being burnt out as the day light is soon approaching. King Hamlet then says Adieu, adieu, adieu to shows the speed at which he must soon depart. Remember me connects to the soliloquy made by Hamlet who is in desperation to lose the harsh memories asked Must I remember? Young Hamlet then in the state of desperation and shock beckons Heaven and earth, his state of desperation is highlighted by the numerous exclamation marks. He calls upon the host of heaven which is composed of the choir of angels He then ponders whether he should request help from even hell? He immediately repents by saying Oh fie. The theme of repetition is once again through hold, hold to show the emotional attachment and the grief that he has experienced through finding out the actual truth as to why his father is currently dead. Hamlet starts to speak to himself, by reassuring his sinews to stay strong and not grow instant old, but to make sure he doesnt faint. Remember thee? This is used twice in the next few lines, shows that Hamlet cant accept that his father even questions whether he will remember him. Hamlet speaks of a distracted globe, this globe could be his mind, in which memory will always hold a seat, and his distracted temperament due to realization to the truth. The globe could also be a reference to the globe theater which was going through turbulent times. Hamlet then speaks of the table which was a notebook used for recording, through this metaphor he compares his memory to the table. Trivial fond this statement is an oxymoron of a kind, since fond memories are those which usually hold the reins of ones memory, but he sees these happy memories as petty. Hamlet then uses pauses to shows his reflection so he can list all of which he will wipe away from his memory, so that the commandment can alone live. He refers to his fathers words as a commandment, giving his father an almost equal status to the divine, which shows the extent to which he will obey his fathers commands. He then personifies his mind as a library where books and volumes are housed, which will soon be forgotten. Hamlet then condemns women, by using the adjective pernicious, which is harsh to describe the dangerous and untrustworthy nature of his mother and women in general. Hamlet then repeats the word villain to reemphasize the nature of the current king; he also uses the verb smiling to describe Claudius. The smiling criminal is one that Shakespeare oft refers to most well noticed in Macbeth where he writes Theres daggers in mens smiles. This intensifies the dramatic impact, as the smiling which is associated to joy, is now being portrayed as villainous. Hamlet then uses the word may as to whether there is a smiling villain in Denmark; this again shows doubt as to whether the ghost is actually his father or a poltergeist trying to beguile him. This is why later on through the play, Hamlet the man of words, is slow to react. He then addresses his uncle as kin, he quotes his father Adieu, adieu, remember me. Except this is a more malicious way of vociferating the words of his father. Hamlet has sworn to avenge his inscrutable father. This extract enacts the major twist in the play, as Hamlet finds out the truth and all further actions by characters is partly dependent on this knowledge. The extract simultaneously develops the character of King Hamlet, Claudius, young Hamlet and Gertrude, by universally explaining the fallings of man. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our International Baccalaureate World Literature section.